Abstraction & Encapsulation

Posted on December 3, 2022 • 2 minutes • 217 words

1. Abstraction

Data Abstraction involves presenting only the essential details to the outside world, i.e., representing only the essential details inside the program, and hiding the other details.

How to achieve Abstraction

1. By Header files.

Example:

Create a header file person.h

// person.h

#ifndef ANOOP_TUBE_PERSON_H
#define ANOOP_TUBE_PERSON_H

#include<iostream>

class Person
{
    public:
        Person(std::string name_);

        std::string getName();

        void setName(std::string name_);

    private:
        std::string name;
};

#endif

create a file person.cpp
include person.h
define all functions.

// person.cpp

#ifndef ANOOP_TUBE_PERSON_H
#define ANOOP_TUBE_PERSON_H

#include<iostream>

#include "person.h"

Person::Person(std::string name_)
{
    name = name_;
}

std::string Person::getName()
{
    return name;
}

void Person::setName(std::string name_)
{
    name = name_;
}
#endif

create a main.cpp file
include person.h file

#include "person.h"

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    Person p("ANOOP");
    std::cout << "Name : " << p.getName();
    return 0;
}

Compilation

g++ main.cpp person.cpp

Run your binary

./a.out

2. By Classes and Access Specifiers.

Hiding unwanted data by using private or protected access specifiers.

Example:

// main.cpp
#include<iostream>

class Person
{
    public:
        Person(std::string name_)
        {
            name = name_;
        }

        std::string getName()
        {
            return name;
        }

        void setName(std::string name_)
        {
            name = name_;
        }
    // hide from out side of the class
    private:
        std::string name;
};

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    Person p("ANOOP");
    std::cout << "Name : " << p.getName();
    return 0;
}